Área de PDI em Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais 2013
Veja, abaixo, a relação de artigos científicos publicados pelo IOC, na referida Área Temática, organizados em ordem alfabética crescente:
| Alcantara KC, Reis MNG, Cardoso LPV, Bello G and Stefani MMA (2013), "Increasing heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 subtype C in Inland Central Western Brazil", Journal of Medical Virology., March, 2013. Vol. 85(3), pp. 396-404. Wiley-blackwell. [DOI] |
| Abstract: The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Brazil is complex and heterogeneous because several subtypes co-circulate with some important regional differences. This study evaluated HIV-1 subtypes amongst pregnant women living in the metropolitan area and in the interior cities from central western Brazil. From June 2008 to June 2010, 86.9% of confirmed cases of HIV-1 infection amongst pregnant women (172 out of 198 cases) were recruited in Goiania/Goias state. The HIV-1 pol gene was sequenced after nested-PCR. HIV-1 subtypes were assigned by REGA, phylogenetic, and bootscan analyses. The median age of participants was 26 years (1541 years range); 58.7% of participants were diagnosed during prenatal care and 51.7% of participants came from >50 interior cities within Goias state. Amongst the 131 HIV-1 pol sequences, 64.9% were subtype B, 13.0% were BF1 recombinant, 11.4% were subtype C, 7.6% were subtype F1, and 2.3% were BC recombinant. According to the HIV-1 diagnosis date (19942010), a significant increase in subtype C and a decrease of BF1 mosaics were observed over time. All subtype C patients lived in interior cities where the highest prevalence of subtype C outside southern Brazil was observed (18.4%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple independent introductions of the Brazilian subtype C clade from the southern/southeastern regions of Brazil. The HIV-1 epidemic in women from central western Brazil infected by the heterosexual route is characterized by an unexpectedly high prevalence of subtype C viruses highly related to those circulating in southern/southeastern Brazil. These findings highlight the importance of molecular surveillance programs outside large metropolitan regions in Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 85:396404, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
BibTeX: @article{Alcantara2013, author = {Alcantara, K. C. and Reis, M. N. G. and Cardoso, L. P. V. and Bello, G. and Stefani, M. M. A.}, title = {Increasing heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 subtype C in Inland Central Western Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Medical Virology}, publisher = {Wiley-blackwell}, year = {2013}, volume = {85}, number = {3}, pages = {396--404}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.23474} } |
| Almeida DV, Morgado MG, Cortes FH, Guimaraes ML, Mendonca-Lima L, Pilotto JH, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG and Bongertz V (2013), "Short Communication Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV-1-Infected Brazilian Individuals", Aids Research and Human Retroviruses., March, 2013. Vol. 29(3), pp. 488-492. Mary Ann Liebert Inc. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Tests for the detection of the humoral immune response to HIV-1 have to be standardized and established, demanding regional efforts. For this purpose the neutralizing antibody (NAb) assay for HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells was introduced in Brazil. Twenty plasma samples from HIV-1-infected individuals were assayed: 10 progressors and 10 long-term nonprogressors. These were tested against eight env-pseudotyped viruses (psVs) in the TZM-bl NAb assay and against HIV-1 strain HTLV/IIIB (HIV-1 IIIB) in primary lymphocytes. Forty-four percent of the samples showed neutralizing titers for psVs and 55% for HIV-1 IIIB. Plasma from progressors showed a broader neutralization and a higher potency. The introduction of these reference reagents encourages the participation of Brazil in future comparative assessments of anti-HIV-1 antibodies. |
BibTeX: @article{Almeida2013, author = {Almeida, D. V. and Morgado, M. G. and Cortes, F. H. and Guimaraes, M. L. and Mendonca-Lima, L. and Pilotto, J. H. and Grinsztejn, B. and Veloso, V. G. and Bongertz, V.}, title = {Short Communication Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV-1-Infected Brazilian Individuals}, journal = {Aids Research and Human Retroviruses}, publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, year = {2013}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, pages = {488--492}, doi = {10.1089/aid.2012.0052} } |
| Amaro SM, Golub JE, Nuovo GJ, Cunha CB, Levi JE, Villa LL, Andrade CV, Russomano FB, Tristao A, Pires A and Nicol AF (), "A Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Factors with the Stage of Cervical Cancer in a Brazilian Cohort", Plos One. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Cell cycle protein expression plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cervical cancer. However, few studies have attempted to correlate the use of these biomarkers with the clinical progression of the tumor. Objectives: 1) To analyze the expression of Ki-67, p53 and p16(INK4a) in cervical cancer, 2) to correlate the relative expression of these proteins as well as clinical parameters with the stage of disease, and 3) to determine the HPV DNA prevalence and subtype distribution. Methods: Tissue Micro-Arrays (TMA) from patients with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and controls were analyzed. HPV DNA detection was done by PCR and in situ hybridization. Ki-67, p53 and p16(INK4a) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry; clinical data was derived from the chart review. Results: Advanced tumor stage (III and IV) was strongly associated (p<0.005) with advanced age (>55 years old), with more than four pregnancies and with the lack of formal education. HPV DNA was found in 94.3% of cases with the most prevalent types being HPV16 (67.5%), followed by HPV33 (12.0%) and HPV35 (3.6%). High expression of Ki-67 and p16 was more common in the advanced FIGO stages (p = 0.023). Women with HPV16 tended to be younger (50.9 years; SE 1.9) compared to women with other types (59.9 years; SE 2.8). Conclusion: We found that Ki-67 and p16 expression were independently associated with the tumor stage. We also noted that about 1/3 of the cervical cancers in this Brazilian cohort were not associated with HPV types directly targeted by the current HPV vaccines. |
BibTeX: @article{Amaro, author = {Amaro, S. M. and Golub, J. E. and Nuovo, G. J. and Cunha, C. B. and Levi, J. E. and Villa, L. L. and Andrade, C. V. and Russomano, F. B. and Tristao, A. and Pires, A. and Nicol, A. F.}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Factors with the Stage of Cervical Cancer in a Brazilian Cohort}, journal = {Plos One}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0057810} } |
| Araujo NM, Araujo OC, Silva EM, Villela-Nogueira CA, Nabuco LC, Parana R, Bessone F, Gomes SA, Trepo C and Kay A (2013), "Identification of novel recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes F and G in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil", Journal of General Virology., January, 2013. Vol. 94, pp. 150-158. Soc General Microbiology. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype G (HBV/G) infection is almost always detected along with a co-infecting HBV strain that can supply HBeAg, typically HBV/A2. In this study we describe, in two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil, the first report of HBV/G infection in Argentina and co-circulation of HBV/G, HBV/F and G/F recombinants in the American continent. HBV isolates carrying the 36 bp insertion of HBV/G were the most prevalent in both patients, with >99% of colonies hybridizing to a probe specific for this insertion. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length genomes and precore/core fragments revealed that F4 and F1b were the co-infecting subgenotypes in the Brazilian and Argentinian patients, respectively. Bootscanning analysis provided evidence of recombination in several clones from both patients, with recombination breakpoints located mainly at the precore/core region. These data should encourage further investigations on the clinical implications of HBV/G recombinants in HBV/HIV co-infected patients. |
BibTeX: @article{Araujo2013, author = {Araujo, N. M. and Araujo, O. C. and Silva, E. M. and Villela-Nogueira, C. A. and Nabuco, L. C. and Parana, R. and Bessone, F. and Gomes, S. A. and Trepo, C. and Kay, A.}, title = {Identification of novel recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes F and G in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients from Argentina and Brazil}, journal = {Journal of General Virology}, publisher = {Soc General Microbiology}, year = {2013}, volume = {94}, pages = {150--158}, doi = {10.1099/vir.0.047324-0} } |
| Cortes FH, Bello G, Vorsatz C, Pilotto JH, Guimaraes ML, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Pinto AR and Morgado MG (2013), "Higher cross-subtype IFN-gamma ELISpot responses to Gag and Nef peptides in Brazilian HIV-1 subtype B- and F1-than in C-infected subjects", Vaccine., February, 2013. Vol. 31(7), pp. 1106-1112. Elsevier Sci Ltd. [DOI] |
| Abstract: HIV-1 diversity has been considered a huge challenge for the HIV-1 vaccine development. To overcome it, immunogens based on centralized sequences, as consensus, have been tested. In Brazil, the co-circulation of three subtypes offers a suitable scenario to test T cell cross-subtype responses to consensus sequences. Furthermore, we included peptides based on closest viral isolates (CVI) from each subtype analyzed to compare with T cell responses detected against the consensus sequences. The study included 32 subjects infected with HIV-1 subtype B (n = 13),C (n = 11), and F1 (n = 8). Gag and Nef-specific T cell responses were evaluated by IFN-gamma-ELISpot assay. Peptides based on CVI sequences were similar to consensus in both reducing genetic distance and detecting T cell responses. A high cross-subtype response between B and F1 in both regions was observed in HIV-1 subtype B and F1-infected subjects. We also found no significant difference in responses to subtype B and C consensus peptides among subtype B-infected subjects. In contrast, the magnitude of T cell responses to consensus C peptides in the Gag region was higher than to consensus B peptides among HIV-1 subtype C-infected subjects. Regarding Nef, subtype C-infected subjects showed higher values to consensus C than to consensus F1 peptides. Moreover, subtype F1-infected subjects presented lower responses to subtype C peptides than to subtype F1 and B. A similar level of responses was detected with group M based peptides in subtype B and F1 infected subjects. However, among subtype C infected subjects, this set of peptides detected lower levels of response than consensus C. Overall, the level of cross-subtype response between subtypes B and F1 was higher than between subtype C and B or C and F1. Our data suggests that the barrier of genetic diversity in HIV-1 group M for vaccine design may be dependent on the subtypes involved. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
BibTeX: @article{Cortes2013, author = {Cortes, F. H. and Bello, G. and Vorsatz, C. and Pilotto, J. H. and Guimaraes, M. L. and Grinsztejn, B. and Veloso, V. G. and Pinto, A. R. and Morgado, M. G.}, title = {Higher cross-subtype IFN-gamma ELISpot responses to Gag and Nef peptides in Brazilian HIV-1 subtype B- and F1-than in C-infected subjects}, journal = {Vaccine}, publisher = {Elsevier Sci Ltd}, year = {2013}, volume = {31}, number = {7}, pages = {1106--1112}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.023} } |
| Costa AM, Amado LA and Paula VSd (2013), "Detection of replication-defective hepatitis A virus based on the correlation between real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA in situ results.", Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz., Feb, 2013. Vol. 108(1), pp. 36-40. [DOI] |
| Abstract: ELISA in situ can be used to titrate hepatitis A virus (HAV) particles and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been shown to be a fast method to quantify the HAV genome. Precise quantification of viral concentration is necessary to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious particles. The purpose of this study was to compare cell culture and RT-PCR quantification results and determine whether HAV genome quantification can be correlated with infectivity. For this purpose, three stocks of undiluted, five-fold diluted and 10-fold diluted HAV were prepared to inoculate cells in a 96-well plate. Monolayers were then incubated for seven, 10 and 14 days and the correlation between the ELISA in situ and RT-PCR results was evaluated. At 10 days post-incubation, the highest viral load was observed in all stocks of HAV via RT-PCR (10(5) copies/mL) (p = 0.0002), while ELISA revealed the highest quantity of particles after 14 days (optical density = 0.24, p < 0.001). At seven days post-infection, there was a significant statistical correlation between the results of the two methods, indicating equivalents titres of particles and HAV genome during this period of infection. The results reported here indicate that the duration of growth of HAV in cell culture must be taken into account to correlate genome quantification with infectivity. |
BibTeX: @article{Costa2013, author = {Costa, Alyne Moraes and Amado, Luciane Almeida and Paula, Vanessa Salete de}, title = {Detection of replication-defective hepatitis A virus based on the correlation between real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA in situ results.}, journal = {Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz}, year = {2013}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, pages = {36--40}, doi = {10.1590/S0074-02762013000100006} } |
| Da Silva TP, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Schmaltz CA, Sant Anna FM, Rolla V and Morgado MG (2013), "T Cell Activation and Cytokine Profile of Tuberculosis and HIV-Positive Individuals during Antituberculous Treatment and Efavirenz-Based Regimens", Plos One., June, 2013. Vol. 8(6), pp. e66095. Public Library Science. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Introduction: The profile of immune activation markers in tuberculosis and HIV-infected patients is already known. The impact of simultaneous infections on the immune parameters is still not fully explored. Methods: We conducted a prospective study to estimate trajectories of activated T cell subsets and the profile of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a group of HIV-TB individuals, previously naive for HAART, recruited from a randomized clinical trial during TB treatment and first antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz. Patients were evaluated according to the immunosuppression levels at baseline as group 1 (CD4<200 cells/mm(3)) and group 2 (CD4>200 cells/mm(3)). These parameters were measured at the time of HAART initiation (started about 30 days after the onset of TB treatment) and at the follow-up visits after 30, 60, 90 and 180 days. Trajectories were estimated using least squares estimates of the coefficients of a restricted cubic spline function in time after adjusting for subject effects, bootstrapping it 500 times. Results: Increase of CD4 T cell counts and suppression of HIV viral load were observed for all patients under HAART and TB treatment. Descendent trajectories were observed for the activated CD8(+)/CD38(+) and CD3(+)/HLA-DR+ T cell subsets, and for plasma concentration of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Except for TNF-alpha and IL-2 discrete variations were observed for the other cytokines. Differences in the trajectories of these parameters were observed for groups 1 and 2. Higher values of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were observed for group 1 from the baseline to two months after treatment initiation, whereas reduced levels of TNF-alpha were observed for this group between 60 and 120 days of HAART. Conclusion: Independent of the immunosuppression profile at baseline, HIV-TB patients under HAART were able to recover the CD4(+) T cell counts, and control viral replication and immune activation parameters over time. |
BibTeX: @article{Silva2013, author = {Da Silva, T. P. and Giacoia-Gripp, C. B. W. and Schmaltz, C. A. and Sant Anna, F. M. and Rolla, V. and Morgado, M. G.}, title = {T Cell Activation and Cytokine Profile of Tuberculosis and HIV-Positive Individuals during Antituberculous Treatment and Efavirenz-Based Regimens}, journal = {Plos One}, publisher = {Public Library Science}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, pages = {e66095}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066095} } |
| Delatorre E and Bello G (2013), "Phylodynamics of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Cuba.", PLoS One. Vol. 8(9), pp. e72448. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Previous studies have shown that the HIV-1 epidemic in Cuba displayed a complex molecular epidemiologic profile with circulation of several subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF); but the evolutionary and population history of those viral variants remains unknown. HIV-1 pol sequences of the most prevalent Cuban lineages (subtypes B, C and G, CRF18_cpx, CRF19_cpx, and CRFs20/23/24_BG) isolated between 1999 and 2011 were analyzed. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed multiple introductions of subtype B (n≥66), subtype C (n≥10), subtype G (n≥8) and CRF18_cpx (n≥2) viruses in Cuba. The bulk of HIV-1 infections in this country, however, was caused by dissemination of a few founder strains probably introduced from North America/Europe (clades BCU-I and BCU-II), east Africa (clade CCU-I) and central Africa (clades GCU, CRF18CU and CRF19CU), or locally generated (clades CRFs20/23/24_BG). Bayesian-coalescent analyses show that the major HIV-1 founder strains were introduced into Cuba during 1985-1995; whereas the CRFs_BG strains emerged in the second half of the 1990s. Most HIV-1 Cuban clades appear to have experienced an initial period of fast exponential spread during the 1990s and early 2000s, followed by a more recent decline in growth rate. The median initial growth rate of HIV-1 Cuban clades ranged from 0.4 year(-1) to 1.6 year(-1). Thus, the HIV-1 epidemic in Cuba has been a result of the successful introduction of a few viral strains that began to circulate at a rather late time of the AIDS pandemic, but then were rapidly disseminated through local transmission networks. |
BibTeX: @article{Delatorre2013, author = {Delatorre, Edson and Bello, Gonzalo}, title = {Phylodynamics of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Cuba.}, journal = {PLoS One}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, pages = {e72448}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072448}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0072448} } |
| Delatorre E and Bello G (2013), "Spatiotemporal dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF06_cpx epidemic in Western Africa.", AIDS., May, 2013. Vol. 27(8), pp. 1313-1320. [DOI] |
| Abstract: To investigate the origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of the HIV-1 CRF06_cpx clade in western Africa.A total of 180 HIV-1 CRF06_cpx-like pol sequences isolated from 12 different countries from west and west-central Africa over a period of 16 years (1995-2010) were analyzed.Evolutionary, phylogeographic and demographic parameters were jointly estimated from sequence data using a Bayesian coalescent-based method and combined with molecular epidemiology and spatial accessibility data.The CRF06_cpx most probably emerged in Burkina Faso in 1979 (1970-1985). From Burkina Faso, the virus was first disseminated to Mali and Nigeria during the 1980s and later to other countries from west and west-central Africa. Demographic reconstruction indicates that the CRF06_cpx epidemic grew exponentially during the 1980s, with a median growth rate of 0.82 year (0.60-1.09 year), and after stabilize. We found a negative correlation between CRF06_cpx prevalence and the geographical distance to Burkina Faso's capital. Regional accessibility information agrees with the overall geographical range of the CRF06_cpx, but not fully explains the highly heterogeneous distribution pattern of this CRF at regional level.The CRF06_cpx epidemic in western Africa probably emerged at the late 1970s and grew during the 1980s at a rate comparable to the HIV-1 epidemics in the United States and Europe. Burkina Faso seems to be the most important epicenter of dissemination of the HIV-1 CRF06_cpx strain at regional level. The explanation for the current geographical distribution of CRF06_cpx is probably multifactorial. |
BibTeX: @article{Delatorre2013b, author = {Delatorre, Edson and Bello, Gonzalo}, title = {Spatiotemporal dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF06_cpx epidemic in Western Africa.}, journal = {AIDS}, year = {2013}, volume = {27}, number = {8}, pages = {1313--1320}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835f1df4}, doi = {10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835f1df4} } |
| Delatorre E, Couto-Fernandez JC, Guimarães ML, Vaz Cardoso LP, de Alcantara KC, Martins de Araújo Stefani M, Romero H, Freire CCM, Iamarino A, de A Zanotto PM, Morgado MG and Bello G (2013), "Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil.", PLoS One. Vol. 8(9), pp. e74072. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Previous studies indicate that the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in southern Brazil was initiated by the introduction of a single founder strain probably originating from east Africa. However, the exact country of origin of such a founder strain as well as the origin of the subtype C viruses detected outside the Brazilian southern region remains unknown. HIV-1 subtype C pol sequences isolated in the southern, southeastern and central-western Brazilian regions (n = 209) were compared with a large number (n ~ 2,000) of subtype C pol sequences of African origin. Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed that most HIV-1 subtype C Brazilian sequences branched in a single monophyletic clade (CBR-I), nested within a larger monophyletic lineage characteristic of east Africa. Bayesian analyses indicate that the CBR-I clade most probably originated in Burundi and was introduced into the Paraná state (southern region) around the middle 1970s, after which it rapidly disseminated to neighboring regions. The states of Paraná and Santa Catarina have been the most important hubs of subtype C dissemination, and routine travel and spatial accessibility seems to have been the major driving forces of this process. Five additional introductions of HIV-1 subtype C strains probably originated in eastern (n = 2), southern (n = 2) and central (n = 1) African countries were detected in the Rio de Janeiro state (southeastern region). These results indicate a continuous influx of HIV-1 subtype C strains of African origin into Brazil and also unveil the existence of unrecognized transmission networks linking this country to east Africa. |
BibTeX: @article{Delatorre2013a, author = {Delatorre, Edson and Couto-Fernandez, José C. and Guimarães, Monick Lindenmayer and Vaz Cardoso, Ludimila Paula and de Alcantara, Keila Correia and Martins de Araújo Stefani, Mariane and Romero, Hector and Freire, Caio C M. and Iamarino, Atila and de A Zanotto, Paolo M. and Morgado, Mariza G. and Bello, Gonzalo}, title = {Tracing the Origin and Northward Dissemination Dynamics of HIV-1 Subtype C in Brazil.}, journal = {PLoS One}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, pages = {e74072}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074072}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0074072} } |
| Ferraro GA, Monteiro-Cunha JP, Fernandes FMC, Mota-Miranda ACA, Brites C, Alcantara LCJ, Galvao-Castro B and Morgado MG (2013), "Molecular Characterization of Long Terminal Repeat Sequences from Brazilian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates", Aids Research and Human Retroviruses., May, 2013. Vol. 29(5), pp. 837-841. Mary Ann Liebert Inc. [DOI] |
| Abstract: HIV-1 provirus activation is under control of the long terminal repeat (LTR)-5' viral promoter region, which presents remarkable genetic variation among HIV-1 subtypes. It is possible that molecular features of the LTR contribute to the unusual profile of the subtype C epidemic in the Brazilian Southern region. To characterize the LTR of Brazilian HIV isolates, we analyzed sequences from 21 infected individuals from Porto Alegre and Salvador cities. Sequences were compared with subtype B and C reference strains from different countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 17 (81%) samples were subtype B and four (19%) were subtype C. Common patterns of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in subtypes B and C sequences were confirmed and other potential TFBS specific for subtype C were found. Brazilian subtype C sequences contained an additional NF-kappa B biding site, as previously described for the majority of subtype C isolates. The high level of LTR polymorphisms identified in this study might be important for viral fitness. |
BibTeX: @article{Ferraro2013, author = {Ferraro, G. A. and Monteiro-Cunha, J. P. and Fernandes, F. M. C. and Mota-Miranda, A. C. A. and Brites, C. and Alcantara, L. C. J. and Galvao-Castro, B. and Morgado, M. G.}, title = {Molecular Characterization of Long Terminal Repeat Sequences from Brazilian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates}, journal = {Aids Research and Human Retroviruses}, publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, year = {2013}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, pages = {837--841}, doi = {10.1089/aid.2012.0326} } |
| Grandi T, da Silva CMD, Amaral KM, Picon PD, Costi C, da Fre NN, Fiegenbaum M, Niel C and Rossetti MLR (2013), "Response to treatment in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene", Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz., February, 2013. Vol. 108(1), pp. 48-53. Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz. [DOI] |
| Abstract: A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of interleukin (IL) 28B was recently identified as an important predictor of the outcome of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL28B gene polymorphism (rs12979860) and virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients. Brazilian patients (n = 263) who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and were receiving PEG-IFN/RBV were genotyped. Early virological response (EVR) (12 weeks), end-of-treatment response (EOTR) (48 weeks), sustained virological response (SVR) (72 weeks) and relapse were evaluated using conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The frequency of the C allele in the population was 39%. Overall, 43% of patients experienced SVR. The IL28B CC genotype was significantly associated with higher treatment response rates and a lower relapse rate compared to the other genotypes [84% vs. 58% EVR, 92% vs. 63% EOTR, 76% vs. 38% SVR and 17% vs. 40% relapse rate in CC vs. other genotypes (CT and TT), respectively]. Thus, the IL28B genotype appears to be a strong predictor of SVR following PEG-IFN/RBV therapy in treatment-naive Brazilian patients infected with HCV genotype 1. This study, together with similar research examining other SNPs, should help to define adequate protocols for the treatment of patients infected with HCV genotype 1, especially those with a poor prognosis. |
BibTeX: @article{Grandi2013, author = {Grandi, T. and da Silva, C. M. D. and Amaral, K. M. and Picon, P. D. and Costi, C. and da Fre, N. N. and Fiegenbaum, M. and Niel, C. and Rossetti, M. L. R.}, title = {Response to treatment in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene}, journal = {Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, publisher = {Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz}, year = {2013}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, pages = {48--53}, doi = {10.1590/S0074-02762013000100008} } |
| Lamas CD, de Oliveira R, da Silva RG, Vicente LHB, de Almeida EB, de Lemos ER and Boia MN (2013), "Hantavirus infection in HIV positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a seroprevalence study", Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases., January, 2013. Vol. 17(1), pp. 120-121. Contexto. [DOI] |
BibTeX: @article{Lamas2013, author = {Lamas, C. D. and de Oliveira, R. and da Silva, R. G. and Vicente, L. H. B. and de Almeida, E. B. and de Lemos, E. R. and Boia, M. N.}, title = {Hantavirus infection in HIV positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a seroprevalence study}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases}, publisher = {Contexto}, year = {2013}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {120--121}, doi = {10.1016/j.bjid.2012.07.018} } |
| Lampe E, Lewis-Ximenez L, Espírito-Santo MP, Delvaux NM, Pereira SA, Peres-da-Silva A, Martins RMB, Soares MA, Santos AF, Vidal LL, Germano FN, de Martinez AMB, Basso R, Pinho JRR, Malta FM, Gomes-Gouvêa M, Moliterno RA, Bertolini DA, Fujishima MAT and Bello G (2013), "Genetic diversity of HCV in Brazil.", Antivir Ther. Vol. 18(3 Pt B), pp. 435-444. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Many studies have documented the molecular epidemiological scenario of HCV within individual Brazilian states, but we still have an incomplete understanding of the dispersion dynamics of the virus in different regions throughout the country.A total of 676 HCV NS5B gene sequences of subtypes 1a (n=321), 1b (n=170) and 3a (n=185), isolated from seven different Brazilian states covering four out of five regions were analysed in the present study. We also analysed 22 HCV NS5B gene sequences of minor genetic variants including genotype 2 (n=13), genotype 4 (n=6) and subtype 5a (n=3). Brazilian HCV sequences were aligned with sequences of non-Brazilian origin and subjected to maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses.These analyses revealed that the Brazilian HCV epidemic resulted from multiple introductions and autochthonous transmission of subtypes 1a, 1b, 3a and genotypes 2, 4 and 5. Brazilian HCV subtype 1a epidemic is dominated by the dissemination of one major clade; while Brazilian HCV subtypes 1b and 3a epidemics are characterized by concurrent dissemination of several independent HCV lineages. Some HCV Brazilian lineages of subtypes 1a, 1b, 2b and 3a were successful in becoming established and disseminated through several regions in the country. Despite significant phylogenetic intermixing of Brazilian sequences, the distribution of HCV strains from different states across lineages was not completely homogeneous.These results demonstrate the existence of multiple introductions and local propagation of both prevalent and uncommon HCV genetic variants in Brazil and identify some major Brazilian HCV clades with nationwide dissemination. This study also suggests that the observed HCV diversity in Brazil has been shaped by both frequent viral migration among regions and in situ viral dissemination. |
BibTeX: @article{Lampe2013, author = {Lampe, Elisabeth and Lewis-Ximenez, Lia and Espírito-Santo, Marcia P. and Delvaux, Nathália M. and Pereira, Sergio A. and Peres-da-Silva, Allan and Martins, Regina M B. and Soares, Marcelo A. and Santos, André F. and Vidal, Luãnna L. and Germano, Fabiana N. and de Martinez, Ana Maria B. and Basso, Rossana and Pinho, João R Rebello and Malta, Fernanda M. and Gomes-Gouvêa, Michele and Moliterno, Ricardo A. and Bertolini, Dennis A. and Fujishima, Mayara A T. and Bello, Gonzalo}, title = {Genetic diversity of HCV in Brazil.}, journal = {Antivir Ther}, year = {2013}, volume = {18}, number = {3 Pt B}, pages = {435--444}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3851/IMP2606}, doi = {10.3851/IMP2606} } |
| Martel N, Gomes SA, Chemin I, Trépo C and Kay A (2013), "Improved rolling circle amplification (RCA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) relaxed-circular serum DNA (RC-DNA).", J Virol Methods., Nov, 2013. Vol. 193(2), pp. 653-659. [DOI] |
| Abstract: For functional analysis of HBV isolates, epidemiological studies and correct identification of recombinant genomes, the amplification of complete genomes is necessary. A method for completely in vitro amplification of full-length HBV genomes starting from serum RC-DNA is described. This uses in vitro completion/ligation of plus-strand HBV RC-DNA and amplification using Rolling-Circle Amplification, eventually followed by a genomic PCR. The method can amplify complete HBV genomes from sera with viral loads ranging from >1.0E+8IU/ml down to 1.0E+3IU/ml. The method can be applied to archived sera that have undergone long-term storage or to archived DNA serum extracts. The genomes can easily be cloned. HBV genotypes A-G can all be amplified with no apparent problems. A recombinant subgenotype A3/genotype E genome was identified and fully sequenced. |
BibTeX: @article{Martel2013, author = {Martel, Nora and Gomes, Selma A. and Chemin, Isabelle and Trépo, Christian and Kay, Alan}, title = {Improved rolling circle amplification (RCA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) relaxed-circular serum DNA (RC-DNA).}, journal = {J Virol Methods}, year = {2013}, volume = {193}, number = {2}, pages = {653--659}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.045}, doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.045} } |
| Mello FCA, Araujo OC, Lago BV, Motta-Castro ARC, Moraes MTB, Gomes SA, Bello G and Araujo NM (2013), "Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Brazil", Virology Journal., July, 2013. Vol. 10, pp. 236. Biomed Central Ltd. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F (HBV/F) is considered to be indigenous to the Americas, but its emergence and spread in the continent remain unknown. Previously, only two HBV/F complete genome sequences from Brazil were available, limiting the contribution of Brazilian isolates to the phylogenetic studies of HBV/F. The present study was carried out to assess the proportion and geographic distributions of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil, to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/F isolates from different Brazilian geographic regions, and to investigate the detailed evolutionary history and phylogeography of HBV/F in Brazil. Methods: Complete HBV/F genomes isolated from 12 Brazilian patients, representing the HBV/F subgenotypes circulating in Brazil, were sequenced and analyzed together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework. Results: Phylogenetic analysis using all Brazilian HBV/F S-gene sequences available in GenBank showed that HBV/F2a is found at higher frequencies countrywide and corresponds to all sequences isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. In addition, the evolutionary analysis using complete genome sequences estimated an older median ancestral age for the Brazilian HBV/F2a compared to the Brazilian HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 subgenotypes, suggesting that HBV/F2a represents the original native HBV of Brazil. The phylogeographic patterns suggested a north-to-south flow of HBV/F2a from Venezuela to Brazil, whereas HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 strains appeared to have spread from Argentina to Brazil. Conclusions: This study suggests a plausible route of introduction of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil and demonstrates the usefulness of recently developed computational tools for investigating the evolutionary history of HBV. |
BibTeX: @article{Mello2013, author = {Mello, F. C. A. and Araujo, O. C. and Lago, B. V. and Motta-Castro, A. R. C. and Moraes, M. T. B. and Gomes, S. A. and Bello, G. and Araujo, N. M.}, title = {Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Brazil}, journal = {Virology Journal}, publisher = {Biomed Central Ltd}, year = {2013}, volume = {10}, pages = {236}, doi = {10.1186/1743-422X-10-236} } |
| Monteiro SS, Villela WV and Soares PS (2013), "The interaction between axes of inequality in studies on discrimination, stigma and HIV/AIDS: contributions to the recent international literature.", Glob Public Health. Vol. 8(5), pp. 519-533. [DOI] |
| Abstract: This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review in order to identify how recent studies have addressed the interaction between social inequality and the processes of exclusion and marginalisation related to HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. The review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases and included publications from 2008 to 2011. Of 497 summaries found in the review, 42 were selected and classified based on topic, population, axes of inequality employed, conceptualisation of stigma and relationship between stigma and vulnerability. Results demonstrated that there is a predominance of research on stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS, sexual and racial/ethnic minorities and migrants. The axes of inequality examined in the literature were linked to specific cultural and socio-economic dimensions and analysed as factors that behave synergistically to increase social groups' vulnerability to HIV. Half of the 42 articles viewed expression of stigma/discrimination to be the result of power dynamics that reinforce the processes of social exclusion. The other half of the articles tended to describe stigma as intrinsic to social interaction. Some researchers are making a visible effort to devise consistent theoretical and methodological approaches in order to understand stigma as a complex social process produced at the intersection of different axes of inequality. These efforts provide vital information that can inform how best to address HIV/AIDS stigma. |
BibTeX: @article{Monteiro2013, author = {Monteiro, Simone S. and Villela, Wilza V. and Soares, Priscilla S.}, title = {The interaction between axes of inequality in studies on discrimination, stigma and HIV/AIDS: contributions to the recent international literature.}, journal = {Glob Public Health}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, pages = {519--533}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.779738}, doi = {10.1080/17441692.2013.779738} } |
| Nicol AF, Grinsztejn B, Friedman RK, Veloso VG, Cunha CB, Georg I, Pilotto JH, Moreira RI, Castro CAV, Silver B and Viscidi RP (), "Seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Brazil", Journal of Clinical Virology. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Background: Information on vaccine-type HPV seroprevalence is essential for vaccine strategies; however, limited data are available on past exposure to HPV-quadrivalent vaccine types in HIV-infected woman in Brazil. Objectives: To assess the seroprevalence for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in HIV-infected and uninfected women, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and to investigate potential associations with age and pregnancy status. Study-design: 1100-sera were tested by virus-like particle (VLPs)-based ELISA for antibodies to HPV types 16, 18, 6 and 11. Statistical analysis was carried out by STATA/SE 10.1 and comparisons among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women were assessed by Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: HPV-6, 11, 16 and 18 seroprevalence was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (29.9%, 8.5%, 56.2% and 38.0%, respectively) compared to HIV-negative women (10.9%, 3.5%, 30.8% and 21.7%, respectively), when adjusted by age and pregnancy status. Overall, 69.4% of HIV-infected and 41.5% of HIV-uninfected women tested positive for any HPV quadrivalent vaccine type. However 4.7% and 1.1%, respectively, tested positive for all HPV vaccine type. In HIV-uninfected women who were pregnant, we found a higher HPV-11 seroprevalence (8.5% vs. 1.5%; P < 0.001) and a lower HPV 16 seroprevalence (22.6% vs. 34.2%; P = 0.010) compared to not pregnant women. HIV-uninfected women, aged 40 or more years old had a higher HPV 16 seroprevalence compared to women aged less than 40 years old. Conclusions: We did not observe a strong association between age and positive HPV antibodies nor an association between pregnancy and HPV seroprevalence. HPV seroprevalence was significantly higher among HIV-infected women compared to HIV negative women. In both populations the seroprevalence to all four HPV vaccine types was low suggesting that women may potentially benefit from the HPV vaccines. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
BibTeX: @article{Nicol, author = {Nicol, A. F. and Grinsztejn, B. and Friedman, R. K. and Veloso, V. G. and Cunha, C. B. and Georg, I. and Pilotto, J. H. and Moreira, R. I. and Castro, C. A. V. and Silver, B. and Viscidi, R. P.}, title = {Seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Brazil}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Virology}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2013.02.007} } |
| Nuovo AJ, Garofalo M, Mikhail A, Nicol AF, Vianna-Andrade C and Nuovo GJ (2013), "The Effect of Aging of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissues on the In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry Signals in Cervical Lesions", Diagnostic Molecular Pathology., September, 2013. Vol. 22(3), pp. 164-173. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues are widely used in biomedical research but little is known about the effect of the age of the block or unstained slides on the in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry signal. We compared the in situ-based and immunohistochemistry-based signals for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia samples that ranged from 0 to 15 years of age. There was a progressive and statistically significant decrease in the strength of the p16(INK4a) signal when comparing tissues prepared from recent unstained slides (0 to 1 y old, mean score of 92%) to those of intermediate age (5 to 7 y old, mean score of 49%) to old unstained slides (cut 13 to 15 y ago, mean score of 10%). Equivalent, progressive, and significant decreases in the intensity of the signals for microRNAs, CD45, and human papillomavirus DNA were seen in tissues stored on slides from 5 to 7 years and 13 to 15 years, respectively. However, the diminution of signal was much less, although still statistically significant, if the sections from the 13- to 15-year-old paraffin blocks were prepared in 2012. The data likely does not represent degradation of the targets as extraction of several microRNA from the old blocks showed no detectable degradation, despite the markedly weakened in situ hybridization signal. It is concluded that in situ-based signal for DNA, microRNAs, and proteins in paraffin-embedded tissues are significantly reduced over time, especially when stored long term on glass slides which, in turn, can lead to a significant underestimation of the amount and presence of the nucleic acid or protein target. |
BibTeX: @article{Nuovo2013, author = {Nuovo, A. J. and Garofalo, M. and Mikhail, A. and Nicol, A. F. and Vianna-Andrade, C. and Nuovo, G. J.}, title = {The Effect of Aging of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissues on the In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry Signals in Cervical Lesions}, journal = {Diagnostic Molecular Pathology}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams & Wilkins}, year = {2013}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {164--173}, doi = {10.1097/PDM.0b013e3182823701} } |
| Pilotto JH, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Velasque LS, Friedman RK, Moreira RI, Rodrigues-Pedro A, Oliveira SM, Currier JS and Morgado MG (2013), "Moderate Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil", Aids Research and Human Retroviruses., April, 2013. Vol. 29(4), pp. 681-686. Mary Ann Liebert Inc. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains has been gaining attention and is becoming a growing problem throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive HIV-infected pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ARV-naive pregnant women were recruited at Hospital Geral de Nova Iguacu (HGNI), Rio de Janeiro, from 2005 to 2008. HIV genotyping was carried out using ViroSeq (Abbott v. 2.0). TDRM were detected using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool-CPR v. 6.0. The prevalence of mutations associated with resistance in the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the HIV genome were assessed in samples collected prior to initiation of ARV prophylaxis or treatment. Among 238 eligible specimens that were collected, 197 samples were successfully amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-one percent of women were infected with HIV subtype B, 10% with subtype F1 viruses, 1.0% with subtype C virus, and 8.0% with recombinant forms of the virus. The prevalence of HIV TDRM was 5.6% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 2.0% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 3.0% for protease inhibitors. The overall prevalence of any drug resistance was 10.7%. There were no multiclass resistant strains identified in the analyzed samples. The prevalence of HIV TDRM among the pregnant women in our cohort was moderate. Resistance testing should be encouraged in Rio de Janeiro, among other locations, for all HIV-infected pregnant women prior to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. |
BibTeX: @article{Pilotto2013, author = {Pilotto, J. H. and Grinsztejn, B. and Veloso, V. G. and Velasque, L. S. and Friedman, R. K. and Moreira, R. I. and Rodrigues-Pedro, A. and Oliveira, S. M. and Currier, J. S. and Morgado, M. G.}, title = {Moderate Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, journal = {Aids Research and Human Retroviruses}, publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert Inc}, year = {2013}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {681--686}, doi = {10.1089/aid.2011.0333} } |
| Santos-Oliveira JR, Regis EG, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Valverde JG, Alexandrino-de-Oliveira P, Lindoso JAL, Goto H, Oliveira-Neto MP, Guerra JO, Grinsztejn B, Jeronimo SB, Morgado MG and Da-Cruz AM (2013), "Microbial Translocation Induces an Intense Proinflammatory Response in PatientsWith Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Type 1 Coinfection", Journal of Infectious Diseases., July, 2013. Vol. 208(1), pp. 57-66. Oxford Univ Press Inc. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Background. Leishmania infection is a cofactor in the heightened cellular activation observed in patients with American visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, with or without progression to AIDS (AVL/HIV). Thus, the persistence of a high parasite load despite antileishmanial therapy could be responsible for the continued immune stimulation. Methods. CD8(+) T cells expressing CD38, parasite load, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 17, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor) were measured in 17 patients with AVL/HIV, 16 with HIV, and 14 healthy subjects (HS). Results. Lower Leishmania parasitemia was observed after antileishmanial and antiretroviral therapies. However, higher levels of CD38(+) on CD8(+) T cells were observed in both clinical phases of leishmaniasis, compared with HIV cases. AVL/HIV and HIV patients showed higher levels of LPS and IFABP than HS. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly augmented in patients with active coinfection, as well as those with remission of Leishmania infection. LPS levels and Leishmania infection were positively correlated with CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells and with IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Conclusions. LPS levels along with the immune consequences of Leishmania infection were associated with elevated cellular activation in coinfected patients. As a consequence, secondary chemoprophylaxis for leishmaniasis or even the use of antiinflammatory drugs or antibiotics may be considered for improving the prognosis of AVL/HIV. |
BibTeX: @article{Santos-Oliveira2013, author = {Santos-Oliveira, J. R. and Regis, E. G. and Giacoia-Gripp, C. B. W. and Valverde, J. G. and Alexandrino-de-Oliveira, P. and Lindoso, J. A. L. and Goto, H. and Oliveira-Neto, M. P. and Guerra, J. O. and Grinsztejn, B. and Jeronimo, S. B. and Morgado, M. G. and Da-Cruz, A. M.}, title = {Microbial Translocation Induces an Intense Proinflammatory Response in PatientsWith Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Type 1 Coinfection}, journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases}, publisher = {Oxford Univ Press Inc}, year = {2013}, volume = {208}, number = {1}, pages = {57--66}, doi = {10.1093/infdis/jit135} } |
| S de Paula V, Wiele M, Mbunkah AH, Daniel AM, Kingsley MT and Schmidt-Chanasit J (2013), "Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 strains in domestic pigs, Cameroon.", Emerg Infect Dis., Apr, 2013. Vol. 19(4), pp. 666-668. [DOI] |
BibTeX: @article{SdePaula2013, author = {S de Paula, Vanessa and Wiele, Matthias and Mbunkah, Afegenwi H. and Daniel, Achukwi M. and Kingsley, Manchang T. and Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas}, title = {Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 strains in domestic pigs, Cameroon.}, journal = {Emerg Infect Dis}, year = {2013}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {666--668}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1904.121634}, doi = {10.3201/eid1904.121634} } |
| Temerozo JR, Joaquim R, Regis EG, Savino W and Bou-Habib DC (2013), "Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP", Plos One., June, 2013. Vol. 8(6), pp. e67701. Public Library Science. [DOI] |
| Abstract: It is well established that host factors can modulate HIV-1 replication in macrophages, critical cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection due to their ability to continuously produce virus. The neuropeptides VIP and PACAP induce well-characterized effects on macrophages through binding to the G protein-coupled receptors VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1, but their influence on HIV-1 production by these cells has not been established. Here, we describe that VIP and PACAP reduce macrophage production of HIV-1, acting in a synergistic or additive manner to decrease viral growth. Using receptor antagonists, we detected that the HIV-1 inhibition promoted by VIP is dependent on its ligation to VPAC1/2, whereas PACAP decreases HIV-1 growth via activation of the VPAC1/2 and PAC1 receptors. Specific agonists of VPAC2 or PAC1 decrease macrophage production of HIV-1, whereas sole activation of VPAC1 enhances viral growth. However, the combination of specific agonists mimicking the receptor preference of the natural neuropeptides reproduces the ability of VIP and PACAP to increase macrophage resistance to HIV-1 replication. VIP and PACAP up-regulated macrophage secretion of the beta-chemokines CCL3 and CCL5 and the cytokine IL-10, whose neutralization reversed the neuropeptide-induced inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Our results suggest that VIP and PACAP and the receptors VPAC2 and PAC1 could be used as targets for developing alternative therapeutic strategies for HIV-1 infection. |
BibTeX: @article{Temerozo2013, author = {Temerozo, J. R. and Joaquim, R. and Regis, E. G. and Savino, W. and Bou-Habib, D. C.}, title = {Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP}, journal = {Plos One}, publisher = {Public Library Science}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, pages = {e67701}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0067701} } |
| Victoria S, Temerozo JR, Gobbo L, Pimenta-Inada HK and Bou-Habib DC (2013), "Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 increases macrophage resistance to HIV-1 infection.", Immunobiology., Dec, 2013. Vol. 218(12), pp. 1529-1536. [DOI] |
| Abstract: Patients infected with HIV-1, the etiological agent of AIDS, have increased intestinal permeability, which allows for the passage of microbial products, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, into circulation. The exposure of HIV-1-infected cells to certain TLR agonists affects viral replication, but studies associating viral production with the activation of TLR2 in HIV-1-infected cells are rare and controversial. Here, we report that the TLR2 ligands Zymosan and Pam3CSK4 potently inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected monocyte-derived macrophages and the exposure to TLR2 ligands prior to infection renders macrophages refractory to HIV-1 production. Macrophage treatment with Pam3CSK4 did not change the cellular expression of the HIV-1 entry receptors CD4 and CCR5. Both TLR2 ligands increased the macrophage production of β-chemokines and IL-10, and the blockage of these soluble factors prevented the inhibitory effect of TLR2 activation on HIV-1 replication. Our findings show that the direct engagement of TLR2 in HIV-1-infected macrophages increase cellular resistance to HIV-1 infection, and that controlling HIV-1 replication with agonists for TLR2 might have implications for the development of antiretroviral therapies. |
BibTeX: @article{Victoria2013, author = {Victoria, Sabina and Temerozo, Jairo R. and Gobbo, Livia and Pimenta-Inada, Haynna K. and Bou-Habib, Dumith Chequer}, title = {Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 increases macrophage resistance to HIV-1 infection.}, journal = {Immunobiology}, year = {2013}, volume = {218}, number = {12}, pages = {1529--1536}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.006}, doi = {10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.006} } |
| Villalba JA, Bello G, Maes M, Sulbaran YF, Garzaro D, Loureiro CL, Rangel HR, de Waard JH and Pujol FH (2013), "HIV-1 epidemic in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela: spatial phylodynamics and epidemiological patterns.", AIDS., Jul, 2013. Vol. 27(11), pp. 1783-1791. [DOI] |
| Abstract: We previously reported HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and the dynamic of HIV-1 dissemination in eight Warao communities.HIV-1 infection was evaluated in 576 Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were analyzed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and demographic dynamics of the epidemic.HIV-1 antibodies were present in 9.55% of Warao Amerindians, ranging from 0 to 22 A significantly higher prevalence was found in men (15.6 compared with women (2.6, reaching up to 35% in men from one community. All but one isolates were classified as subtype B. Warao's HIV-1 subtype-B epidemic resulted from a single viral introduction at around the early 2000s. After an initial phase of slow growth, the subtype B started to spread at a fast rate (0.8/year) following two major routes of migration within the communities.A dramatic high prevalence was documented in almost all the communities of Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta tested for HIV-1 infection. This epidemic resulted from the dissemination of a single HIV-1 subtype B founder strain introduced about 10 years ago and its size is probably doubling every year, creating a situation that can be devastating for this vulnerable Amerindian group. |
BibTeX: @article{Villalba2013, author = {Villalba, Julian A. and Bello, Gonzalo and Maes, Mailis and Sulbaran, Yoneira F. and Garzaro, Domingo and Loureiro, Carmen L. and Rangel, Hector R. and de Waard, Jacobus H. and Pujol, Flor H.}, title = {HIV-1 epidemic in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela: spatial phylodynamics and epidemiological patterns.}, journal = {AIDS}, year = {2013}, volume = {27}, number = {11}, pages = {1783--1791}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601bdb}, doi = {10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601bdb} } |
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